American Underclass And The Underclass Essay - 837 Words

Americans used to teach their children that words can’t hurt you. This was a way for parents to comfort their children when they were faced with bullying. In society today, that thought process has changed. Words and labels can hurt people, just not physically. According to Herbert Gans, he believes that labeling a group of people can hinder their mobility in a society. Herbet Gans would not agree with the statement, â€Å"sticks and stones may break your bones but worlds will never hurt you.† He believes that labeling certain groups, particularly the group we label as â€Å"the underclass† harms that population. The reason is because other people associate negative characteristics along with the label the underclass. There is a long list of characteristics that are associated with the underclass population. Two main characteristics are the most important. Americans believe people who are in the underclass group are dangerous and undeserving. This makes the people who are labeled as underclass have a negative connotation about them and they have consequences they face just because of their label. When people put a label on a group of people in a society, the people in the labeled group become to attach themselves to that label and then play their role in that label. This can be positive for the upper classes, however, for the underclass it has devastating effects. Not only are the underclass labeled, there have no choice in the matter. If they have some of the characteristics, forShow MoreRelatedThe Underclass Is Not the Major Threat for American Ideals1893 Words   |  8 PagesThe Underclass Is Not the Major Threat for American Ideals There is no agreement or consensus reached on the proper definition of the term underclass. Furthermore, most researches have not determined the size of the underclass population, much less, on how the underclass population has changed over time. Most people assume that the term underclass implies a group of people who live in isolation, or are isolated from the rest of the society. Secondly, these kinds of persons (underclass) have low payingRead MoreThe American Underclass in In Life at the Bottom by Theodore Dalrymple1127 Words   |  5 Pagesnow the way to depict the lower class. Dalrymple also argues that in order to rise out of the underclass that family ties are needed and without it there is hardly any way to do so. Dalrymple says that many of the issues that plague the underclass comes from a bourgeoisie society, that this upper class of liberals are feeding and fueling all of the problems and mentality that are taken on by the underclass. Some of the points that where stated by Dalrymple can in fact be transitioned towards theRead MoreThe Underclass Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 PagesAn underclass does not exist in the United States. It is a function of conservative’s imaginations. The relevance of their creating of an underclass serves one large purpose and that is to be an emotional ploy to keep people politically occupied with small issues. This allows corporations to ensure that their competition will be busy fighting other battles while they continue to push policy and laws that will represent the interests of the country’s wealthiest and most powerful. A distraction isRead MoreThe Undeserving and Deserving Poor Structure1065 Words   |  5 Pagesthat of the underclass. Karl Marx tabled the idea of the lumpen proletariat, yet in the modern era, the concept did not take hold in Britain until 1989. Today, the debate focuses on whether frictional forces create a continuum of inequality, or whether a defined underclass does exist. The question asks if poor people belong in a separate underclass, which is a vague definition. There will always be poor people, but whether or not this automatically qualifies them as a separate underclass is tenuousRead MoreThe Inequality Of Social Classes982 Words   |  4 PagesMatt Wuerker a political cartoonist for Politico, published Kitchen Tables that highlighted the injustice in social classes. It is a cartoon that consist of three different drawings of kitchen tables that Americans sit around: a luxurious upper class, an average middle class, and a deprived underclass. Wuerker used unequal proportion between each of the drawings size to represent the iniquity within social classes. He not only gave the upper class half of the paper, but he also labeled it the â€Å"top 1%†Read MoreThe Poverty Of Americans Are Affected By Poverty1464 Words   |  6 PagesMillions of Americans are affected by poverty every day, it does not spare anyone of a certain race, age, or gender. As children go hungry and the homeless become invisible, the 85 percent of wealthy Americans go on believing poverty does not exist. We live in a â€Å"culture of poverty† where there are many Americans that deny the fact that the country is in a state of despair, the only likely way out is to change how the government assists the deprived and to educate the unknowing. Policy makers haveRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1667 Words   |  7 PagesMain Thesis Americans think they live in a colorblind society and do not discriminate based on race. The fact is Americans have Barack Obama as their president. Some might argue as long as there are exceptional blacks there are no excuses for all blacks to succeed. Although, Michelle Alexander’s book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color Blindness, challenges American’s colorblindness by bringing to light the mass incarceration of African Americans. Jim Crow laws are no longerRead MoreAmerica, Like Ancient Rome, Depend On A Marginalized Underclass Of Maintain Its World Power Status?1330 Words   |  6 PagesStephanie Sierra Professor Stern History 219-01 Paper#1 Does America, like Ancient Rome, depend on a subjugated underclass to maintain its world power status? In Ancient Rome, The way society worked was much similar to America. The Roman social class is and has been very significant in the operational American social class. None of the Roman class’ was oppressed or enslaved rather they were split into two. Once the Romans defeated the Etruscans they went on to build an empire that would changeRead More The Two Major Causes of the Urban Underclass Essay1870 Words   |  8 Pagesof the Urban Underclass nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today in the United States, as well as in many other affluent, industrialized nations, there exists an urban underclass, which is defined as a class of people that comprises members of low-income households who have little or no participation in the workforce (Gilbert 2003, p. 274). Currently there are predominantly two distinct, conflicting views of why the underclass exists. On one hand, there is the notion that the underclass is simply theRead MoreSocial Class Is An Integral Part Of Our Society Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesclass is a valuable subject to address since it’s difficult to really understand the differences between the classes as well as the fact that, at least in America, it is easy for people to turn a blind eye to the truly horrifying situations a lot of underclass families find themselves in. Class was defined in lecture as, â€Å"A set of people who share similar status with regard to factors such as wealth, income, education, an d occupation (Obernesser, L. 2016,)† and social class is, â€Å"a group of people in society

Women and Domestic Violence - 1838 Words

WOMEN AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Since the 1990s, there has been increasing concern about violence against women in general and domestic violence in particular, in both developed and developing countries. Domestic violence occurs in all socioeconomic and cultural population subgroups; and in many societies, including in India, women are socialized to accept, tolerate, and even rationalize domestic violence and to remain silent about such experiences. Violence of any kind has a negative impact on the economy of a country through increased disability, medical costs however, because women bear the brunt of domestic violence, they disproportionately bear the health and psychological burdens as well. Victims of domestic violence are abused inside†¦show more content†¦Women experience physical violence since they are 15 years old. The percentage of women who have experienced physical violence at any time since the age of 15 years ever and in the previous 12 months of the survey NFHS-3 4. Thirty-four percent of a ll women age 15-49 have experienced violence at any time since the age of 15. Nineteen percent of women age 15-49 have experienced violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. Notably, the majority (56 percent) of women who have ever experienced violence since the age of 15 have experienced violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. Of women who experienced any violence in the past 12 months, one in five reported that they experienced the violence often, and the remainder said that they experienced it sometimes. By age, the prevalence of physical violence is lowest, at 21 percent, for women age 15-19, followed by 31 percent for women age 20-24 and 38-39 percent for women in the older age groups. Women age 25-29 are also somewhat more likely to experience violence often. However, among women who have ever experienced violence at some time since the age of 15, the youngest women (age 15-19) are most likely, at 70 percent, to have experienced violence in the past 12 months and the oldest women (age 40-49) least likely, at 41 percent, to have done so. RuralShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Violence Against Women1662 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of domestic violence is, â€Å"Violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm†. Domestic violence takes place in many forms, including physical assault, threats, sexual abuse, intimidation, etc. Domestic violence destroys the meaning behind a home and the feeling of a safe environment. No one man, woman, or child deserves to be abused. The abuser is the one who should take responsibility of the violence occurring, notRead MoreDomestic Violence And Violence Against Women2254 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation† (Aziz Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as aRead MoreThe Domestic Violence Against Women1130 Words   |  5 Pagesarrest for domestic violence cases. States kept adding to the list and as of 1983, there were more than 700 shelters for abused women across the country. The number of shelters kept increasing, as did the organizations intended to assist the victims of domestic violence. After 1986 that the first Domestic Violence Awareness Month was first held in October, the United Nations included violence against women as a human rights v iolation in 1993. The next year, the US Congress passed the Violence AgainstRead MoreDomestic Violence And Immigrant Women1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe student documentary video regarding domestic violence and immigrant women highlighted a significant health and a human right problem all over the world. Violence is defined by the World Health Organization as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, male-development, or deprivation† (WHO 2002:4). AccordingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom there. Everyone in a homebound affiliation is at risk of obtaining a violent status. Domestic violence has had the grandest impact on women. It can be found all over the world, within various countries. Domestic violence has a harsh, negative, and dest ructive influence on women; domestic violence can lead to emotional, physical, and psychological damage. Domestic violence is defined as an act of violence within the household. The aforementioned is one of the most underestimated and underreportedRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women889 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. Unfortunately, recent awareness efforts have gathered traction only when public outcry for high profile cases are magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what most consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, moreRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women815 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent data available from 2015, it was disclosed that nearly 92,000 Canadians had report to the police an incident related to domestic violence; of this number, 80% of them were women (Burczycka, 2017). It is then no surprise that intimate partnership violence has been found to be one of the major causes of violence against women in Canada (Ministry of the Status of Women, 2015). Many agencies focus on supporting directly the female victims and providing them with secured shelters and safe spacesRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women.1262 Words   |  6 PagesNguyen Race Law Prof TA december 11, 2014 Domestic Violence against Women Domestic violence is a big social issue in the United States today, as well as all over the world. Domestic violence can be between sibling abuse, elder abuse, spouse abuse, and of course child abuse. But when one talks about spouse abuse it is not just from a marital stand point, but also a dating partner who is in an intimate relationship with each other. Domestic violence is not simply hitting, fighting, verbal argumentRead MoreWomen And Domestic Violence : India Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesWomen and Domestic Violence India Chillious Cleveland State University This paper was prepared or Social Work 622, Section 480, taught by Professor Seck Violence has been an ongoing issue, and has increased over the years. There are many different types of violence that can take place, one being domestic violence. Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over anotherRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimate

Physical Restraints for Dementia Patient-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Develop a research proposal based on either a Quantitative or Qualitative Methodology. Answer: Research Proposal-Qualitative Title Understanding the use of physical restraints for dementia patient in acute care setting from the perspectives of the nurses Purpose of the study and aims The proposed study will have the following objectives: To assess the use of physical restraints in case of dementia patients in acute care setting To detect and evaluate the association of physical restraints in dementia patients with the length of stay in acute care setting within hospitals To detect the prevalence and circumstances pertinent to the use of physical restraints for dementia patients admitted in acute care setting in hospitals To understand the potential complications and challenges encountered by nurses related to the use of physical restraints for the dementia patients admitted in acute care setting The projected study will have aims as follows: To give a succinct overview and pertinent knowledge about the potential uses of physical restraints for the dementia patients admitted in acute care setting To detect the merits and limitations of using physical restraints for dementia patients To indicate the possible relevance and the situations specific to the use of physical restraints in case of dementia patients admitted in acute care setting in hospitals To highlight the benefits and implications of using physical restraints for dementia patients and the possible relationship with the duration of stay in hospital Background and preliminary literature The use of physical restraints has gained prominence in acute care settings in hospitals for tackling the patients in effective manner. Relevant literatures have shown that the elderly individuals suffering from memory disturbances are the ones most likely to be put on physical restraints. Prevention of falls and combat of the behavioral responses such as that of being confused or being violent are the primary reasons for such utilization of physical restraints (Ang et al. 2015). Other pertinent studies also documented the rampant use of restraints in the geriatric care setting while in clinical practice by the nurses. The favorable decisions of nurses regarding use of physical restraints while in doubt and despite the presence of enough evidence about their potential benefits has been confirmed in such studies (Mhler and Meyer 2014). In other instances, alternatives to physical restraints for optimizing the patient safety have been presented and the expertise of the physical therapi sts has been solicited in this respect to enhance patient safety, functional independence and mobility. However, the declining rate of usage of physical restraints has also been mentioned simultaneously (Cleary and Prescott 2015). Moreover, dementia has been identified as a predisposing risk factor for incident delirium. Therefore, in such cases enough knowledge about the risk factors and early detection of the threats to delirium might pave way for effective strategies meant for improving patient safety and mitigating potential harm (Tomlinson et al. 2016). Further, introspections carried out with respect to the use of physical restraints have put valuable insights on interventions that might act to prevent and reduce the use of physical restraints for older people in general hospital settings (Mhler et al. 2016). The negative outcomes of use of physical restraints has been indicated in other study where older patients put on physical restraints and receiving anti psychotic medicat ions are found to be more vulnerable of getting affected by both functional as well as cognitive decline (Foebel et al. 2016). Another study has highlighted that physical restraint is more risky compared to antipsychotic drug for diminishing the physical and cognitive functioning in older home care residents (Graziano Onder et al. 2016). For patients admitted to residential care setting, the use of physical restraints has been found to accentuate the risk of development of psychotic symptoms coupled with benzodiazepine use. On the contrary, the use of antipsychotic antidepressant medication alongside practice of good activities of daily living (ADL) reduced the risk of restraint use (Kuronen et al. 2016). Thus, it is imperative to pay adequate attention to the uses of physical restraints for better understanding the potential advantages and disadvantages associated with their uses in patients suffering from dementia and admitted to acute care setting. Subjects-Inclusion and Exclusion criteria Nurses will be chosen as potential candidates for the study. Participants for the potential study will be recruited from the hospitals in Singapore. The inclusion criteria for such participation will be as follows: Nursing professionals who are engaged in working at the acute care facilities in hospitals of Singapore and are entrusted to take care of the dementia patients. Registered Nurses who have a minimum working experience of at least two years and are adept in tackling dementia patients in acute care setting will be specifically selected. The exclusion criteria for the study participants will be as follows: Nurses who work in other facilities other than the acute care setting and are not acquainted in dealing with dementia patients will not be recruited in the study. Nursing Aid/Nursing Assistant and Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) will be exempted from participating in the study due to lack of experience and enough professional competencies. Study plan and design The prospective study will make use of the observational study design besides the potential application of the descriptive research design to gain deeper insight and relevant understanding about the chosen topic of research. The identification of the aims and objectives related to the research will enable the researcher to make use of these research approaches (Salazar, Crosby and DiClemente 2015). As part of the observational study, elderly (above age of 60 years) dementia patients admitted to the acute care setting in hospitals at Singapore will be noted for their behaviors and other health related information for the sake of monitoring the uses of physical restraints at the time of hospitalization. The medical records of the concerned patient will be tracked down within the given timeframe to gain proper knowledge and insight about the topic of research (Creswell and Poth 2017). Further, as part of the descriptive research design, open ended questionnaire will be framed for conduc ting the interview session with the nurses directed to derive information about the potential challenges or benefits depending upon circumstances to ensure safety to the dementia patients. Further, for the interpretation of the data obtained, rigorous statistical operations will be employed. Non-parametric tests like that of the Chi Square test will be performed to explore the effect of single variable on the use of physical restraints (Jackson 2015). Regression analysis will further allow for computation and concomitant estimation of the relationships among the patient related variables and the use of physical restraints. Outcomes The outcome variables that will be investigated in course of the study will address the issue of the use of physical restraints for the dementia patients admitted in acute care setting in hospitals. The length of stay in the hospital for such patients will be assessed for understanding of the potential association with respect to the use of physical restraints. The challenges and benefits as stated by the nurses will be taken into consideration for evaluating the uses of physical restraints. Thus, the outcome variables will be chosen in a prudent and pragmatic manner to provide succinct information about the chosen topic of research. Ethical considerations The study will be undertaken by considering the ethical aspects of research. Prior to the commencement of study, necessary consent and approval will be sought from the concerned authority to carry out the work in a legally and ethically competent fashion. The information acquisition of the relevant patient will be done by means of hospital records. The study will not involve direct participation of patients as subjects of research (Flick 2014). However, information relevant to them will be collected from the records of the hospital. Therefore, before approaching with the research necessary approval will be sought from the hospital authority to allow for safe handling of data. Further, for gaining access to information about the potential challenges and issues faced by the professional nurses in using physical restraints for the dementia patients, open ended questionnaire will be framed for deriving information by virtue of conducting interview sessions with them. Consent will be soug ht from these nursing personnel working in acute care facility to retrieve data pertaining to the topic of research, the purpose will be made clear to them beforehand to increase the reliability, and validity of the research that will be performed (Bell 2014). The ethical clearance sought from the appropriate governing body will ensure that the study is conducted abiding by the requisite procedure and appropriate methods. Drugs The study will not make use of any drugs in course of collection of data. Moreover, no drug related information or pharmacologic effects of specific drugs shall be indicated in the study that might suggest the possible uses of the concerned drugs in the given context. The physical restraints applied in case of dementia patients in acute care setting do not conform to the use of drugs and hence will be purposely excluded from being mentioned in the study. Specific safety considerations The conduct of the study will be completed with utmost safety and care to minimize the chances of occurrence of errors whatsoever. The data retrieved from the appropriate sources will be kept in the safe custody of the principal investigator with secured password set in the laptop. No one other than the principal investigator and the research associates will have access to data. Data collected from patients records will be held as anonymous and precautions will be taken beforehand to ensure that no data is leaked under any circumstances. Thu confidentiality of the data will be prioritized (Ritchie et al. 2013). The safekeeping and deft handling of data will thereby enhance the credibility of the research that will further add value to the study that will be undertaken to provide an insight on the chosen topic of study. The entire study will be carried out in abidance with the Data Protection Act, 1998 (Council 2016). Analysis and reporting of results On completion of the data collection stage, effort will be taken to properly analyze the data for gaining meaningful information out of the retrieved data. Analysis of the patient characteristics through performance of interview of the nurses will be done by virtue of the multi-dimensional dementia assessment (MDDA) scale. It will aid in understanding the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in relation to the use of physical restraints in those patients (Dourado et al. 2014). The subsequent steps in analysis will resort to the statistical calculations through conduct of the non-parametric tests and regression analysis to gather pertinent and appropriate results out of the data collected. Thus, the reporting of results will be carried out in a manner that is in firm alliance with the scientific approach and accepted statistical procedure. Relevant information The study will depict no potential conflict of interest on the part of the researcher in terms of exhibiting compromise being made with respect to financial considerations or in pursuing professional commitments. However, the dearth of sample in collecting information relevant to the procurement of relevant information regarding the use of physical restraints for dementia patients admitted in acute care hospitals might pose limitations to the study. The statistical interpretation of data must be carried out with utmost care to arrive at meaningful conclusion from the data collected through information procured from the hospital record and interviewing the nurses on matter related to the topic of research in due course following definite strategies in compliance to specific safety considerations and ethical approval from the designated authorities. Date of proposed commencement The proposed study will commence from 1st August 2017 and the study ending deadline will be fixed as 31st December 2017 thus, setting the duration of the study to be of total 5 months. Efforts will be made to ensure that the proposed study will be completed within the set timeframe without any delay. Resource considerations Proper budget and a stipulated timeframe for the proposed study will be required to ensure the satisfactory conduct of the proposed study. The time limit of the study will be set no longer than 6 months for ease of data collection and retrieval of suitable information in connection with the study. Budgetary support will be sought from appropriate authorities for smooth undertaking of the study operations. ng of definite research questions, performing extensive literature review, outlining definite methodology appropriate for the study and providing insights regarding the proper collection and analysis of data. References Ang, S.Y., Bakar Aloweni, F.A., Perera, K., Wee, S.L., Manickam, A., Lee, J.H.M., Haridas, D., Shamsudin, H.F. and Chan, J.K., 2015. Physical restraints among the elderly in the acute care setting: Prevalence, complications and its association with patients characteristics.Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare,24(3), pp.137-143. Bell, J., 2014.Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Cleary, K.K. and Prescott, K., 2015. The use of physical restraints in acute and long-term care: an updated review of the evidence, regulations, ethics, and legality.The Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy,6(1), pp.8-15. Council, S.D., 2016. Data protection act. Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N., 2017.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Dourado, M.C., Mograbi, D.C., Santos, R.L., Sousa, M.F.B., Nogueira, M.L., Belfort, T., Landeira-Fernandez, J. and Laks, J., 2014. Awareness of disease in dementia: factor structure of the assessment scale of psychosocial impact of the diagnosis of dementia.Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,41(3), pp.947-956. Flick, U., 2014.An introduction to qualitative research. Sage. Foebel, A.D., Onder, G., Finne-Soveri, H., Lukas, A., Denkinger, M.D., Carfi, A., Vetrano, D.L., Brandi, V., Bernabei, R. and Liperoti, R., 2016. Physical restraint and antipsychotic medication use among nursing home residents with dementia.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,17(2), pp.184-e9. Graziano Onder, M.D., Finne-Soveri, H., Lukas, A., Denkinger, M.D., Carfi, A., Vetrano, D.L., Brandi, V., Bernabei, R. and Rosa Liperoti, M.D., 2016. Physical Restraint and Antipsychotic Medication Use Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia. Jackson, S.L., 2015.Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. Cengage Learning. Kuronen, M., Kautiainen, H., Karppi, P., Hartikainen, S. and Koponen, H., 2016. Physical restraints and associations with neuropsychiatric symptoms and personal characteristics in residential care: a cross?sectional study.International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Mhler, R. and Meyer, G., 2014. Attitudes of nurses towards the use of physical restraints in geriatric care: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies.International journal of nursing studies,51(2), pp.274-288. Mhler, R., Nrnberger, C., Abraham, J., Kpke, S. and Meyer, G., 2016. Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital settings.The Cochrane Library. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C.M. and Ormston, R. eds., 2013.Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Salazar, L.F., Crosby, R.A. and DiClemente, R.J., 2015.Research methods in health promotion. John Wiley Sons. Tomlinson, E.J., Phillips, N.M., Mohebbi, M. and Hutchinson, A.M., 2016. Risk factors for incident delirium in an acute general medical setting: a retrospective casecontrol study.Journal of clinical nursing