A death in the family Essay -- essays research papers

James Agee's A Death in the Family is an after death novel dependent on the to a great extent complete composition that the creator left upon his passing in 1955. Agee had been taking a shot at the novel for a long time, and bits of the work had just showed up in The Partisan Review, The Cambridge Review, The New Yorker, and Harper's Bazaar. Distributed in 1957, the novel was altered by David McDowell. A few extensive entries, some portion of Agee's composition whose position in the order was not recognized by the creator, were put in italics by the editorial manager, whose choice it was to put them at the finish of Parts I and II. These fantasy like arrangements recommend the impact of James Joyce, particularly of Ulysses, on Agee's composition. It was additionally McDowell's choice to include the concise prefatory segment, â€Å"Knoxville: Summer, 1915,† Agee's lovely reflection on his southern adolescence. As a suggestion to the novel, this reminiscent area, in spite of the fact that not some portion of Agee's unique original copy, is amazingly powerful, for it presents the subject of lost youth bliss that is focal in the novel in general. The tale will treat a similar milieu of white collar class household life-a social milieu whose quiet surface of â€Å"normality† is broken by the terrible and perhaps self-destructive passing of Jay Follet, the youngster hero's dad. In Part I of the novel, Agee rapidly sets up the significance of the dad child relationship. Rufus Follet, Jay's six-year-old child, goes with his dad to the quiet film theater against the protest of Rufus' mom, who discovers Charlie Chaplin (one of James Agee's legends) â€Å"nasty† and â€Å"vulgar.† This difference underscores the conjugal clash that underlies Rufus' irresolute emotions toward the two his folks. At the point when Jay takes Rufus to a local bar after the image appear, regardless of the dad's glow and love for his child, unmistakably the dad's pride is compelled by the way that the child's proclivities, even at this early age, follow the mother's advantages in â€Å"culture† instead of the dad's progressively popularity based desires for athletic capacity and social interests. Strains between Rufus' folks are evident as Jay's drinking and â€Å"vulgar† propensities become a state of conflict in the family, with the kid Rufus got between h is occasionally squabbling guardians. As far as concerns her, Mary Follet is a character whose outrageous coercion to moralistic mentalities proposes... ... a supplication for the dead. In the interim Uncle Andrew goes for Rufus for a stroll and informs him concerning the â€Å"magnificent butterfly† that chose Jay's final resting place similarly as it was brought down into the grave before taking off high into the sky †a scene that Andrew accepts â€Å"miraculous.† Andrews at that point castigates Father Jackson, who has would not peruse the full internment administration, since Jay has never been purified through water. Rufus battles to comprehend the antagonistic vibe that Andrew feels toward the congregation even as he adores Christians, for example, Mary and Hannah. Rufus needs to request some explanation, however rather he and Andrew walk quietly home. Along these lines Agee closes the novel on a note of uncertain clash. As he grows up, it is recommended, Rufus will keep on experiencing similar divisions of confidence and social milieu that are engaged with his folks' relationship, and he will form into the s crutinizing craftsman who as of now, at six years old, has demonstrated such affectability to human intentions and the language in which they are passed on. Composed close to the furthest limit of his life, A Death in the Family might be viewed as Agee's endeavor to comprehend the inceptions of, and to deal with, the self-division that tormented his reality.

National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) Policy Simulation Paper Essay

National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) Policy Simulation Paper - Counterintelligence - Essay Example In this fight which has social, budgetary, political, and political and furthermore military sizes †the potential results of counterintelligence dissatisfactions could be fast and crushing, placing in chance our countrys critical information, base, military forces and a broad assortment of US venture, developments and staff far and wide (Goldman, 17-23). In 1978, a plan of casual exchange visits between US nuclear weapons authorities and their Peoples Republic of China (PRC) accomplices began. The PRC specialists tried to develop close relationship with explicit US experts. Over the ensuing 23 years, as a result of this exchange, the PRC made genuine walks in the improvement of nuclear weapons, including the neutron shell. Beginning in 1998, US media sources began revealing about consistent assessments of four examples of suspected Chinese observation against the United States heading toward the 1980s. The most authentic case included Chinas asserted making sure about of key information about our countrys generally created (The Central Intelligence Agency). US nuclear warhead, the W-88, and also authentic security breaks at the Department of Energys (DOE) Los Alamos Laboratory somewhere in the range of 1984 and 1988 Early in 1998, Congressional focus went to US satellite admissions to China. A US Department of Defense gathered report contemplated that specialists from Hughes and Loral Space and Communications, remembered for focusing on the 1996 mishap of a Chinese rocket pushing a Loral satellite, gave exploratory expertise to China that unmistakably upgraded the constancy of Chinas rocket impel abilities. After this information was disseminated in the US media, a phenomenal House Select Committee and different Senate boards looked into US advancement trade approach in regards to China. The impact was the appearance of the Report of the Select Committee on U.s. National Security and Military/business Concerns

What Business Is Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Business Is Zara - Essay Example The article What Business Is Zara explores Zara plan of action. Hole presents new line attire not normally yet surmised once in a year. This is during periods when its deals are high. Deals are high around thirteen weeks every year during the class kickoff/work and occasion periods. Hole, Inc doesn't make its garments: it is a retailer organization sourcing its garments from different processing plants. Hole brings in its cash significantly through deals and halfway through profit for resources and obligation. Its money related execution is given by monetary proportions which incorporate; return on deals, influence proportion, dissolvability proportion and liquidity proportions. Zara plan of action is exceptional and unmistakable from others since it has assumed responsibility for its gracefully chain freely. It comprehends the market and its requests. Utilization of innovation; innovation has empowered Zara to discuss straightforwardly with its creation communities and planners. It has likewise encouraged direct situation of ordr4s by senior supervisors basing on the requests of that locale. Understanding clients request. Zara creates new assortments at regular intervals and this is done after examination of the plan in most interest by clients through the senior supervisors. Utilization of individual computerized help. Head supervisors use PDAs to put arranges as mentioned by clients. This has encouraged time conveyance as it has permitted a client to try and get the item inside two days. Being client based. Zara send gathering of advertisements to various nations in which its stores are situated to watch the style.

The Lessons of Loneliness and Isolation in Black Boy - Literature Essay Samples

There is an incomprehensible secret embodied in the highly intimate affair of someone else’s emotions. Even when the thoughts of others come fully into the orbit of one’s concern, they are often difficult to dissect and subsequently understand. This is true of all emotions, but notably that of loneliness. Usually characterized by the depressing feeling of being alone when one is destitute of companionship or affection, loneliness is one of the many psychological symptoms of exclusion. This phenomenon is brought to light in Richard Wright’s autobiographical novel Black Boy. As Wright grows older, his constant exclusion from society informs his development as a character and further informs the person that he is to become, by virtue of the light he shines on his isolation from his family, the White world, and African American society. In doing so, Wright teaches his readers about the emotional repercussions of isolation. From the onset of the novel, Wright deliniates himself as an outcast from his family. The first way in which this is seen is when as a young child, he has hallucinations that his family does not take seriously. In the middle of the night, Wright would find himself â€Å"Shaking with terror because no one saw them but me.† (7) Richard brings to the forefront of the consciousness of his readers that he is an alien in his own home. This is further bolstered by the passage during which Wright skips forward 25 years in time to the moment when he first sees his father again after having deserted him at the age of 5. Richard, in a moment of insight informs his readers that â€Å"[His] father was a black peasant who had gone to the city seeking life, but who had failed in the city†¦- that same city which had lifted me in its burning arms and borne me toward alien and undreamed shores of knowing.† (35) By saying so, Richard is effectively communicating that he and his fathe r, though ties of blood made them kin and there is shadow of his own voice in that of his father, they are forever strangers, â€Å"speaking a different language, living on vastly distant planes of reality.† ( 35) Subsequently, as Richard grows older, the divide between him and his family grows to unprecedented levels, and as an adult he describes his feelings towards his mother as â€Å"frozen.† (100) Because for the entirety of his childhood and adolescence Richard was seen as different from the rest of his family, his psyche suffers and thus his emotions towards his family are altered as well. Rather than holding his kin in the high esteem that one would expect, he sees them as a burden standing between him and his goals. This emotional disillusionment may very well have been the catalyst for Wrights family that later on feeds into a lack of trust for those around Wright himself. By portraying it as so, Wright teaches his readers about the emotional repercussions of isolation. Wright is further emotionally influenced by the divide that he observes between himself and the White American middle class which he amicably refers to as â€Å"the white world.† (145) His cognisance of the separation between himself and the bourgeoisie is chronicled by a moment of perspicacity saying: â€Å" I liked it and I did not like it; I longed to be among them, yet when with them I looked at them as if I were a million miles away. I had been kept out of their world too long ever to be able to become a real part of it.† (151) Richard seems to be hyper aware of the fact that he is not a part of the society in which he longs to belong. He is overtly excluded from eating pancakes and eggs with the white family he works for, and is forced to eat stale bread and mouldy molasses instead. Further catalyzing Wright’s loneliness is the fact that he seems to be the only one who sees himself as removed from society in the way that he does. Even within the African American community, he is excluded and isolated because of his way of thinking. During an argument with one of his peers, Richard is told toâ€Å"learn to live in the South!† (183) because his actions are not reflective of the social role to which he was prescribed; publishing a short story for example. This is most notably because of the widespread Jim Crow segregation contemporary to Wright. Because there was an intrinsic feeling of inferiority within the African American community, by way of the system, Richard is already removed from white society simply because of the colour of his skin, but is also excommunicated from his own community when he attempts to resist the system that is oppressing him. In describing his exclusion and isolation, Wright is able to highlight the pervasiveness of the sy stem of segregation, as it becomes clear to readers that there is a mechanism in place that is meant to systematically break those who wish to diverge from the social standards which have been set, thus disincentivizing any kind of rebellion against the status quo. In his descriptions of isolation and exclusion, Wright chronicles the emotional impact of his loneliness, while concurrently bringing to light the systematic breaking of the minds of the African American people. Right is not only speaking of his own isolation, but the isolation of every single one of his contemporary revolutionaries, fighting against a totality of oppression. The emotional toll that the exclusion causes is excruciating, but then again, it has to be, because if it were easy, then everyone would be fighting against the widespread oppression and suffering that they find themselves surrounded by. Wright teaches his readers about his need to struggle and the need to struggle for those around him.

American Underclass And The Underclass Essay - 837 Words

Americans used to teach their children that words can’t hurt you. This was a way for parents to comfort their children when they were faced with bullying. In society today, that thought process has changed. Words and labels can hurt people, just not physically. According to Herbert Gans, he believes that labeling a group of people can hinder their mobility in a society. Herbet Gans would not agree with the statement, â€Å"sticks and stones may break your bones but worlds will never hurt you.† He believes that labeling certain groups, particularly the group we label as â€Å"the underclass† harms that population. The reason is because other people associate negative characteristics along with the label the underclass. There is a long list of characteristics that are associated with the underclass population. Two main characteristics are the most important. Americans believe people who are in the underclass group are dangerous and undeserving. This makes the people who are labeled as underclass have a negative connotation about them and they have consequences they face just because of their label. When people put a label on a group of people in a society, the people in the labeled group become to attach themselves to that label and then play their role in that label. This can be positive for the upper classes, however, for the underclass it has devastating effects. Not only are the underclass labeled, there have no choice in the matter. If they have some of the characteristics, forShow MoreRelatedThe Underclass Is Not the Major Threat for American Ideals1893 Words   |  8 PagesThe Underclass Is Not the Major Threat for American Ideals There is no agreement or consensus reached on the proper definition of the term underclass. Furthermore, most researches have not determined the size of the underclass population, much less, on how the underclass population has changed over time. Most people assume that the term underclass implies a group of people who live in isolation, or are isolated from the rest of the society. Secondly, these kinds of persons (underclass) have low payingRead MoreThe American Underclass in In Life at the Bottom by Theodore Dalrymple1127 Words   |  5 Pagesnow the way to depict the lower class. Dalrymple also argues that in order to rise out of the underclass that family ties are needed and without it there is hardly any way to do so. Dalrymple says that many of the issues that plague the underclass comes from a bourgeoisie society, that this upper class of liberals are feeding and fueling all of the problems and mentality that are taken on by the underclass. Some of the points that where stated by Dalrymple can in fact be transitioned towards theRead MoreThe Underclass Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 PagesAn underclass does not exist in the United States. It is a function of conservative’s imaginations. The relevance of their creating of an underclass serves one large purpose and that is to be an emotional ploy to keep people politically occupied with small issues. This allows corporations to ensure that their competition will be busy fighting other battles while they continue to push policy and laws that will represent the interests of the country’s wealthiest and most powerful. A distraction isRead MoreThe Undeserving and Deserving Poor Structure1065 Words   |  5 Pagesthat of the underclass. Karl Marx tabled the idea of the lumpen proletariat, yet in the modern era, the concept did not take hold in Britain until 1989. Today, the debate focuses on whether frictional forces create a continuum of inequality, or whether a defined underclass does exist. The question asks if poor people belong in a separate underclass, which is a vague definition. There will always be poor people, but whether or not this automatically qualifies them as a separate underclass is tenuousRead MoreThe Inequality Of Social Classes982 Words   |  4 PagesMatt Wuerker a political cartoonist for Politico, published Kitchen Tables that highlighted the injustice in social classes. It is a cartoon that consist of three different drawings of kitchen tables that Americans sit around: a luxurious upper class, an average middle class, and a deprived underclass. Wuerker used unequal proportion between each of the drawings size to represent the iniquity within social classes. He not only gave the upper class half of the paper, but he also labeled it the â€Å"top 1%†Read MoreThe Poverty Of Americans Are Affected By Poverty1464 Words   |  6 PagesMillions of Americans are affected by poverty every day, it does not spare anyone of a certain race, age, or gender. As children go hungry and the homeless become invisible, the 85 percent of wealthy Americans go on believing poverty does not exist. We live in a â€Å"culture of poverty† where there are many Americans that deny the fact that the country is in a state of despair, the only likely way out is to change how the government assists the deprived and to educate the unknowing. Policy makers haveRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1667 Words   |  7 PagesMain Thesis Americans think they live in a colorblind society and do not discriminate based on race. The fact is Americans have Barack Obama as their president. Some might argue as long as there are exceptional blacks there are no excuses for all blacks to succeed. Although, Michelle Alexander’s book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color Blindness, challenges American’s colorblindness by bringing to light the mass incarceration of African Americans. Jim Crow laws are no longerRead MoreAmerica, Like Ancient Rome, Depend On A Marginalized Underclass Of Maintain Its World Power Status?1330 Words   |  6 PagesStephanie Sierra Professor Stern History 219-01 Paper#1 Does America, like Ancient Rome, depend on a subjugated underclass to maintain its world power status? In Ancient Rome, The way society worked was much similar to America. The Roman social class is and has been very significant in the operational American social class. None of the Roman class’ was oppressed or enslaved rather they were split into two. Once the Romans defeated the Etruscans they went on to build an empire that would changeRead More The Two Major Causes of the Urban Underclass Essay1870 Words   |  8 Pagesof the Urban Underclass nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today in the United States, as well as in many other affluent, industrialized nations, there exists an urban underclass, which is defined as a class of people that comprises members of low-income households who have little or no participation in the workforce (Gilbert 2003, p. 274). Currently there are predominantly two distinct, conflicting views of why the underclass exists. On one hand, there is the notion that the underclass is simply theRead MoreSocial Class Is An Integral Part Of Our Society Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesclass is a valuable subject to address since it’s difficult to really understand the differences between the classes as well as the fact that, at least in America, it is easy for people to turn a blind eye to the truly horrifying situations a lot of underclass families find themselves in. Class was defined in lecture as, â€Å"A set of people who share similar status with regard to factors such as wealth, income, education, an d occupation (Obernesser, L. 2016,)† and social class is, â€Å"a group of people in society

Women and Domestic Violence - 1838 Words

WOMEN AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Since the 1990s, there has been increasing concern about violence against women in general and domestic violence in particular, in both developed and developing countries. Domestic violence occurs in all socioeconomic and cultural population subgroups; and in many societies, including in India, women are socialized to accept, tolerate, and even rationalize domestic violence and to remain silent about such experiences. Violence of any kind has a negative impact on the economy of a country through increased disability, medical costs however, because women bear the brunt of domestic violence, they disproportionately bear the health and psychological burdens as well. Victims of domestic violence are abused inside†¦show more content†¦Women experience physical violence since they are 15 years old. The percentage of women who have experienced physical violence at any time since the age of 15 years ever and in the previous 12 months of the survey NFHS-3 4. Thirty-four percent of a ll women age 15-49 have experienced violence at any time since the age of 15. Nineteen percent of women age 15-49 have experienced violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. Notably, the majority (56 percent) of women who have ever experienced violence since the age of 15 have experienced violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. Of women who experienced any violence in the past 12 months, one in five reported that they experienced the violence often, and the remainder said that they experienced it sometimes. By age, the prevalence of physical violence is lowest, at 21 percent, for women age 15-19, followed by 31 percent for women age 20-24 and 38-39 percent for women in the older age groups. Women age 25-29 are also somewhat more likely to experience violence often. However, among women who have ever experienced violence at some time since the age of 15, the youngest women (age 15-19) are most likely, at 70 percent, to have experienced violence in the past 12 months and the oldest women (age 40-49) least likely, at 41 percent, to have done so. RuralShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Violence Against Women1662 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of domestic violence is, â€Å"Violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm†. Domestic violence takes place in many forms, including physical assault, threats, sexual abuse, intimidation, etc. Domestic violence destroys the meaning behind a home and the feeling of a safe environment. No one man, woman, or child deserves to be abused. The abuser is the one who should take responsibility of the violence occurring, notRead MoreDomestic Violence And Violence Against Women2254 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation† (Aziz Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as aRead MoreThe Domestic Violence Against Women1130 Words   |  5 Pagesarrest for domestic violence cases. States kept adding to the list and as of 1983, there were more than 700 shelters for abused women across the country. The number of shelters kept increasing, as did the organizations intended to assist the victims of domestic violence. After 1986 that the first Domestic Violence Awareness Month was first held in October, the United Nations included violence against women as a human rights v iolation in 1993. The next year, the US Congress passed the Violence AgainstRead MoreDomestic Violence And Immigrant Women1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe student documentary video regarding domestic violence and immigrant women highlighted a significant health and a human right problem all over the world. Violence is defined by the World Health Organization as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, male-development, or deprivation† (WHO 2002:4). AccordingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom there. Everyone in a homebound affiliation is at risk of obtaining a violent status. Domestic violence has had the grandest impact on women. It can be found all over the world, within various countries. Domestic violence has a harsh, negative, and dest ructive influence on women; domestic violence can lead to emotional, physical, and psychological damage. Domestic violence is defined as an act of violence within the household. The aforementioned is one of the most underestimated and underreportedRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women889 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. Unfortunately, recent awareness efforts have gathered traction only when public outcry for high profile cases are magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what most consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, moreRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women815 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent data available from 2015, it was disclosed that nearly 92,000 Canadians had report to the police an incident related to domestic violence; of this number, 80% of them were women (Burczycka, 2017). It is then no surprise that intimate partnership violence has been found to be one of the major causes of violence against women in Canada (Ministry of the Status of Women, 2015). Many agencies focus on supporting directly the female victims and providing them with secured shelters and safe spacesRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women.1262 Words   |  6 PagesNguyen Race Law Prof TA december 11, 2014 Domestic Violence against Women Domestic violence is a big social issue in the United States today, as well as all over the world. Domestic violence can be between sibling abuse, elder abuse, spouse abuse, and of course child abuse. But when one talks about spouse abuse it is not just from a marital stand point, but also a dating partner who is in an intimate relationship with each other. Domestic violence is not simply hitting, fighting, verbal argumentRead MoreWomen And Domestic Violence : India Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesWomen and Domestic Violence India Chillious Cleveland State University This paper was prepared or Social Work 622, Section 480, taught by Professor Seck Violence has been an ongoing issue, and has increased over the years. There are many different types of violence that can take place, one being domestic violence. Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over anotherRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimate

Physical Restraints for Dementia Patient-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Develop a research proposal based on either a Quantitative or Qualitative Methodology. Answer: Research Proposal-Qualitative Title Understanding the use of physical restraints for dementia patient in acute care setting from the perspectives of the nurses Purpose of the study and aims The proposed study will have the following objectives: To assess the use of physical restraints in case of dementia patients in acute care setting To detect and evaluate the association of physical restraints in dementia patients with the length of stay in acute care setting within hospitals To detect the prevalence and circumstances pertinent to the use of physical restraints for dementia patients admitted in acute care setting in hospitals To understand the potential complications and challenges encountered by nurses related to the use of physical restraints for the dementia patients admitted in acute care setting The projected study will have aims as follows: To give a succinct overview and pertinent knowledge about the potential uses of physical restraints for the dementia patients admitted in acute care setting To detect the merits and limitations of using physical restraints for dementia patients To indicate the possible relevance and the situations specific to the use of physical restraints in case of dementia patients admitted in acute care setting in hospitals To highlight the benefits and implications of using physical restraints for dementia patients and the possible relationship with the duration of stay in hospital Background and preliminary literature The use of physical restraints has gained prominence in acute care settings in hospitals for tackling the patients in effective manner. Relevant literatures have shown that the elderly individuals suffering from memory disturbances are the ones most likely to be put on physical restraints. Prevention of falls and combat of the behavioral responses such as that of being confused or being violent are the primary reasons for such utilization of physical restraints (Ang et al. 2015). Other pertinent studies also documented the rampant use of restraints in the geriatric care setting while in clinical practice by the nurses. The favorable decisions of nurses regarding use of physical restraints while in doubt and despite the presence of enough evidence about their potential benefits has been confirmed in such studies (Mhler and Meyer 2014). In other instances, alternatives to physical restraints for optimizing the patient safety have been presented and the expertise of the physical therapi sts has been solicited in this respect to enhance patient safety, functional independence and mobility. However, the declining rate of usage of physical restraints has also been mentioned simultaneously (Cleary and Prescott 2015). Moreover, dementia has been identified as a predisposing risk factor for incident delirium. Therefore, in such cases enough knowledge about the risk factors and early detection of the threats to delirium might pave way for effective strategies meant for improving patient safety and mitigating potential harm (Tomlinson et al. 2016). Further, introspections carried out with respect to the use of physical restraints have put valuable insights on interventions that might act to prevent and reduce the use of physical restraints for older people in general hospital settings (Mhler et al. 2016). The negative outcomes of use of physical restraints has been indicated in other study where older patients put on physical restraints and receiving anti psychotic medicat ions are found to be more vulnerable of getting affected by both functional as well as cognitive decline (Foebel et al. 2016). Another study has highlighted that physical restraint is more risky compared to antipsychotic drug for diminishing the physical and cognitive functioning in older home care residents (Graziano Onder et al. 2016). For patients admitted to residential care setting, the use of physical restraints has been found to accentuate the risk of development of psychotic symptoms coupled with benzodiazepine use. On the contrary, the use of antipsychotic antidepressant medication alongside practice of good activities of daily living (ADL) reduced the risk of restraint use (Kuronen et al. 2016). Thus, it is imperative to pay adequate attention to the uses of physical restraints for better understanding the potential advantages and disadvantages associated with their uses in patients suffering from dementia and admitted to acute care setting. Subjects-Inclusion and Exclusion criteria Nurses will be chosen as potential candidates for the study. Participants for the potential study will be recruited from the hospitals in Singapore. The inclusion criteria for such participation will be as follows: Nursing professionals who are engaged in working at the acute care facilities in hospitals of Singapore and are entrusted to take care of the dementia patients. Registered Nurses who have a minimum working experience of at least two years and are adept in tackling dementia patients in acute care setting will be specifically selected. The exclusion criteria for the study participants will be as follows: Nurses who work in other facilities other than the acute care setting and are not acquainted in dealing with dementia patients will not be recruited in the study. Nursing Aid/Nursing Assistant and Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) will be exempted from participating in the study due to lack of experience and enough professional competencies. Study plan and design The prospective study will make use of the observational study design besides the potential application of the descriptive research design to gain deeper insight and relevant understanding about the chosen topic of research. The identification of the aims and objectives related to the research will enable the researcher to make use of these research approaches (Salazar, Crosby and DiClemente 2015). As part of the observational study, elderly (above age of 60 years) dementia patients admitted to the acute care setting in hospitals at Singapore will be noted for their behaviors and other health related information for the sake of monitoring the uses of physical restraints at the time of hospitalization. The medical records of the concerned patient will be tracked down within the given timeframe to gain proper knowledge and insight about the topic of research (Creswell and Poth 2017). Further, as part of the descriptive research design, open ended questionnaire will be framed for conduc ting the interview session with the nurses directed to derive information about the potential challenges or benefits depending upon circumstances to ensure safety to the dementia patients. Further, for the interpretation of the data obtained, rigorous statistical operations will be employed. Non-parametric tests like that of the Chi Square test will be performed to explore the effect of single variable on the use of physical restraints (Jackson 2015). Regression analysis will further allow for computation and concomitant estimation of the relationships among the patient related variables and the use of physical restraints. Outcomes The outcome variables that will be investigated in course of the study will address the issue of the use of physical restraints for the dementia patients admitted in acute care setting in hospitals. The length of stay in the hospital for such patients will be assessed for understanding of the potential association with respect to the use of physical restraints. The challenges and benefits as stated by the nurses will be taken into consideration for evaluating the uses of physical restraints. Thus, the outcome variables will be chosen in a prudent and pragmatic manner to provide succinct information about the chosen topic of research. Ethical considerations The study will be undertaken by considering the ethical aspects of research. Prior to the commencement of study, necessary consent and approval will be sought from the concerned authority to carry out the work in a legally and ethically competent fashion. The information acquisition of the relevant patient will be done by means of hospital records. The study will not involve direct participation of patients as subjects of research (Flick 2014). However, information relevant to them will be collected from the records of the hospital. Therefore, before approaching with the research necessary approval will be sought from the hospital authority to allow for safe handling of data. Further, for gaining access to information about the potential challenges and issues faced by the professional nurses in using physical restraints for the dementia patients, open ended questionnaire will be framed for deriving information by virtue of conducting interview sessions with them. Consent will be soug ht from these nursing personnel working in acute care facility to retrieve data pertaining to the topic of research, the purpose will be made clear to them beforehand to increase the reliability, and validity of the research that will be performed (Bell 2014). The ethical clearance sought from the appropriate governing body will ensure that the study is conducted abiding by the requisite procedure and appropriate methods. Drugs The study will not make use of any drugs in course of collection of data. Moreover, no drug related information or pharmacologic effects of specific drugs shall be indicated in the study that might suggest the possible uses of the concerned drugs in the given context. The physical restraints applied in case of dementia patients in acute care setting do not conform to the use of drugs and hence will be purposely excluded from being mentioned in the study. Specific safety considerations The conduct of the study will be completed with utmost safety and care to minimize the chances of occurrence of errors whatsoever. The data retrieved from the appropriate sources will be kept in the safe custody of the principal investigator with secured password set in the laptop. No one other than the principal investigator and the research associates will have access to data. Data collected from patients records will be held as anonymous and precautions will be taken beforehand to ensure that no data is leaked under any circumstances. Thu confidentiality of the data will be prioritized (Ritchie et al. 2013). The safekeeping and deft handling of data will thereby enhance the credibility of the research that will further add value to the study that will be undertaken to provide an insight on the chosen topic of study. The entire study will be carried out in abidance with the Data Protection Act, 1998 (Council 2016). Analysis and reporting of results On completion of the data collection stage, effort will be taken to properly analyze the data for gaining meaningful information out of the retrieved data. Analysis of the patient characteristics through performance of interview of the nurses will be done by virtue of the multi-dimensional dementia assessment (MDDA) scale. It will aid in understanding the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in relation to the use of physical restraints in those patients (Dourado et al. 2014). The subsequent steps in analysis will resort to the statistical calculations through conduct of the non-parametric tests and regression analysis to gather pertinent and appropriate results out of the data collected. Thus, the reporting of results will be carried out in a manner that is in firm alliance with the scientific approach and accepted statistical procedure. Relevant information The study will depict no potential conflict of interest on the part of the researcher in terms of exhibiting compromise being made with respect to financial considerations or in pursuing professional commitments. However, the dearth of sample in collecting information relevant to the procurement of relevant information regarding the use of physical restraints for dementia patients admitted in acute care hospitals might pose limitations to the study. The statistical interpretation of data must be carried out with utmost care to arrive at meaningful conclusion from the data collected through information procured from the hospital record and interviewing the nurses on matter related to the topic of research in due course following definite strategies in compliance to specific safety considerations and ethical approval from the designated authorities. Date of proposed commencement The proposed study will commence from 1st August 2017 and the study ending deadline will be fixed as 31st December 2017 thus, setting the duration of the study to be of total 5 months. Efforts will be made to ensure that the proposed study will be completed within the set timeframe without any delay. Resource considerations Proper budget and a stipulated timeframe for the proposed study will be required to ensure the satisfactory conduct of the proposed study. The time limit of the study will be set no longer than 6 months for ease of data collection and retrieval of suitable information in connection with the study. Budgetary support will be sought from appropriate authorities for smooth undertaking of the study operations. ng of definite research questions, performing extensive literature review, outlining definite methodology appropriate for the study and providing insights regarding the proper collection and analysis of data. References Ang, S.Y., Bakar Aloweni, F.A., Perera, K., Wee, S.L., Manickam, A., Lee, J.H.M., Haridas, D., Shamsudin, H.F. and Chan, J.K., 2015. Physical restraints among the elderly in the acute care setting: Prevalence, complications and its association with patients characteristics.Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare,24(3), pp.137-143. Bell, J., 2014.Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Cleary, K.K. and Prescott, K., 2015. The use of physical restraints in acute and long-term care: an updated review of the evidence, regulations, ethics, and legality.The Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy,6(1), pp.8-15. Council, S.D., 2016. Data protection act. Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N., 2017.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Dourado, M.C., Mograbi, D.C., Santos, R.L., Sousa, M.F.B., Nogueira, M.L., Belfort, T., Landeira-Fernandez, J. and Laks, J., 2014. Awareness of disease in dementia: factor structure of the assessment scale of psychosocial impact of the diagnosis of dementia.Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,41(3), pp.947-956. Flick, U., 2014.An introduction to qualitative research. Sage. Foebel, A.D., Onder, G., Finne-Soveri, H., Lukas, A., Denkinger, M.D., Carfi, A., Vetrano, D.L., Brandi, V., Bernabei, R. and Liperoti, R., 2016. Physical restraint and antipsychotic medication use among nursing home residents with dementia.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,17(2), pp.184-e9. Graziano Onder, M.D., Finne-Soveri, H., Lukas, A., Denkinger, M.D., Carfi, A., Vetrano, D.L., Brandi, V., Bernabei, R. and Rosa Liperoti, M.D., 2016. Physical Restraint and Antipsychotic Medication Use Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia. Jackson, S.L., 2015.Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. Cengage Learning. Kuronen, M., Kautiainen, H., Karppi, P., Hartikainen, S. and Koponen, H., 2016. Physical restraints and associations with neuropsychiatric symptoms and personal characteristics in residential care: a cross?sectional study.International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Mhler, R. and Meyer, G., 2014. Attitudes of nurses towards the use of physical restraints in geriatric care: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies.International journal of nursing studies,51(2), pp.274-288. Mhler, R., Nrnberger, C., Abraham, J., Kpke, S. and Meyer, G., 2016. Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital settings.The Cochrane Library. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C.M. and Ormston, R. eds., 2013.Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Salazar, L.F., Crosby, R.A. and DiClemente, R.J., 2015.Research methods in health promotion. John Wiley Sons. Tomlinson, E.J., Phillips, N.M., Mohebbi, M. and Hutchinson, A.M., 2016. Risk factors for incident delirium in an acute general medical setting: a retrospective casecontrol study.Journal of clinical nursing

Spare Parts Essay Example For Students

Spare Parts Essay In order to prevent people from drinking and driving, the car company BMW uses this advertisement to promote awareness of the dangers and negative outcomes. Many consequences can occur when the driver is not able to realize what is going on, drifts off the road, and gets into an accident. This BMW advertisement only shows one possible injury to an accident where the man in the visual has lost his leg and it was replaced by an artificial one. To promote the message Dont Drink and Drive, this advertisement shows that it is extremely dangerous and can cause injury, amputation, and/or death. We will write a custom essay on Spare Parts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some severe types of injuries can potentially cause people to lose their leg, other body parts or even a life as a result of a car accident. It affects the viewers who see this advertisement because they do not want to turn the picture into reality now giving them the choice on butcher to do the right thing and drive safely or not. From seeing this advertisement, it develops the primary appeal of pathos because it displays the emotion that one gets from seeing a person With one real leg and one prosthetic leg. After seeing this photo it makes the viewer think about the consequences Of being under the influence and driving at the same time. Having an artificial leg will greatly disable a person where they become enable to do the things that they were able to do before the car accident. This holds true whether it was the person driving themselves or someone else driving especially an innocent driver in another car. This advertisement proves that it is possible to replace car parts, but there is nothing one can do to replace body parts or even someones life. They will have to suffer the negative results of making the bad decision to drive drunk. Through showing a possible consequence, this advertisement is effective because people can relate to this robber if they have been injured or know someone who has been injured or has died trot a drunk driving accident. It would make people make sure not to drink and drive because it would make the picture turn into reality and no one would want that. There is a possibility this can happen so it makes the advertisement extremely believable affecting anyone who was to come upon it, Another appeal is to logos through the quote that is displayed in the advertisement. It states, Spare parts for humans are not as original as those for cars. This statement is seed to prevent the issue of drinking and driving as it means that human body parts are not as appealing as those that can be changed in cars, especially since parts of a human are impossible to re-manufacture. If there are spare parts on a car, it is hard to tell that there is a difference between the original and replacement parts. But when a humans body parts are replaced by something else like an artificial or prosthetic part, it is possible to tell the difference because it does not look like the original body part. It is important to know this because while driving, people are not only responsible for their own safety but of other peoples safety as well. They may cause someone other than themselves to become injured or hurt just because they made the bad decision to drive while intoxicated. This advertisement promotes safe driving through its simple and clean layout using a white background and simple black font. This technique is used to make consumers think the product being sold (which in this case is a car) is simple and clean as well which means that the car will be reliable and also safe, Even though is selling their company and their car, they also show heir awareness to drinking and driving. .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 , .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .postImageUrl , .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 , .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48:hover , .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48:visited , .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48:active { border:0!important; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48:active , .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48 .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u120c09eb69ad2b46805b73a84d687b48:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Too Much Experience Going Up the Creek EssayWith this white background, it makes the image stand out on its own requiring viewers to focus primarily on the picture, After seeing the prosthetic leg, it will grab and keep peoples attention to get them to wonder what the advertisement is all about. Therefore they become encouraged to read the words to further understand what BMW is promoting because they believe it is necessary for people to be aware. By doing this, the advertisement focuses on the importance of the issue over vat BMW is actually selling. This advertisement does not show the product purposely to show how much BMW cares about preventing drinking and driving. They are trying to persuade people to buy their cars since they are aware Of the consequences of drinking and driving. BMW uses this advertisement to show that they are trying to prevent the issue Of driving under the influence to gain the trust Of the consumers. If the company is considered trustworthy, they Will create a good reputation for their cars so that people will buy there. They want to show that their car is safe and reliable as well. When buying a car, consumers number one concern is usually the need to feel safe. This is a way for them to gain customers appeal and hopefully they will buy BMW cars. Even though this car company wants to be able to sell to the general public, an especially meaningful message is intended for people vivo drive. This can be seen through the image, which is a human and it will affect people who see the advertisement because they will not want to end up with a prosthetic leg or any other body part. By promoting estate and proving that there are negative consequences to drinking and driving, BMW uses an advertisement to help people make the right decision when getting behind the wheel. They require people to take action so that they can prevent alcohol related car accidents from occurring because they are 50 fatal, People become aware that it is extremely dangerous to drink and drive through this advertisement because they know they would never want to hue a prosthetic leg. BMW created an effective advertisement requiring people to stop and think about the reality of drinking and driving and to hopefully make a good decision.

Management Communication 1 Example

Management Communication 1 Example Management Communication 1 – Coursework Example Management Communication The use of the passive voice in written communication is generally discouraged as it often causes confusion to readers. Writers are generally encouraged to write sentences in the active voice as this form is found to be clearer to the readers. This paper seeks to show this by contrasting two sentences written in the passive voice against the same two sentences written in the active voice.Management Communication 1IntroductionThe Use of the Active and Passive Voice in Written CommunicationPassive Voice UseIt has been noted that a lot of extra duties outside their regular job descriptions are being performed by managers, in this company. Therefore, a consensus has been reached by, the company executives, to allow amendments to be made in the company general guidelines, bonus payments will be paid to managers based on the extra duties performed. It is sincerely hoped that further diligence will be encouraged by these new measures that are being undertaken (Burak , 2010).Active Voice UseManagers in this company seem to be taking on a lot of extra duties outside their regular job descriptions. The company executives have, therefore, reached a consensus, allowing amendments to be made to the company general guidelines providing for managers to be paid extra bonuses based on any extra duty performed. Hopefully, these new measures will serve to encourage further diligence (Kessler & McDonald, 2012).Passive Voice UseDear students, cases of frequent truancy have been observed in this institution to be on the increase. On Fridays is when the vice is mostly perpetrated usually by students from all faculties within the institution. Students are being warned to note that they should desist from this conduct. The risk of expulsion will be faced by any student who will be caught committing the offence (Burak, 2010).Active Voice UseDear students, In this institution, Cases of habitual truancy are on the increase. Students from all faculties are usually r esponsible for perpetrating this vice on Fridays. Students should kindly desist from this conduct. Any student caught committing the offence will face expulsion (Kessler & McDonald, 2012).References:Burak, K. (2010) .Boston : Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.Kessler, L. & McDonald, D. (2012) When words collide : a media writers guide to grammar and style. Boston, MA : Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.

IP2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

IP2 - Essay Example It includes use of demographic methods (such as gender or age), socio-economics (such as income levels or social class) and geographic location (often using sophisticated zip code or postal systems). Psychological include using customer attitudes and perceptions, the lifestyles of customers and the types of benefits customers seek from products and brands and their consumption choices (Baines, Fill, and Page 232). Behavioral criteria involve use of behavioral constructs such as product usage, purchase, and ownership to segment consumer markets. With the increasing sophistication of laundry detergent buyers we shall segment our market into two: (1) low-income, playschool parents – who have children younger than four years old, who purchase their laundry detergents at supermarkets or convenience stores. The laundry detergent will be for washing children wear. (2) The second target market shares all attributes with (1) except in this case we will be targeting primary school parents, who have children between ages 5 – 9 years. Young parents are high users of laundry detergents because of the need to keep their children, who change clothes at least twice a day, clean. Though this market segment tends to be loyal to their brands, we are targeting the low-income parents who are much keener than their high-income counterparts to try out new offerings. Though we may have to put a low price on our products to satisfy the low-income market, we anticipate high volumes because this demographic group tends to have more children than the high income counterparts. Our target market (2) will also feed from target market (1) as the children grow and their parents become loyal to our brand. Our biggest competitor shall be Procter & Gamble’s Dreft and Ivory Snow. Dreft’s value proposition is that it â€Å"helps remove tough baby stains, pediatrician recommended and the first choice of mothers

Gutai as critique of the traditional concept of Modernism Research Paper

Gutai as critique of the traditional concept of Modernism - Research Paper Example This damage and destruction took place in the course of centuries and it was described as the beauty of decay. I believe this concept is valid in many people’s imaginations today and by looking into the artworks of the Gutai movements it becomes evident this technique expressed the true art. In the modern art world, it seems to be very difficult to understand the relationship between society and art. Gutai was one of the movements that took place in Japan after the post-war chaotic situation. This movement had specific intentions and purposes which is why it is the most important art movement of this time. This art movement has many characteristics which make it relevant in the media art today. ‘Electric Dress’ was a work by Tanaka which helps in examining and understanding the current media art in Japan (Berghuis 21). The work of Tanaka was remarkable and revolutionary which still holds importance. It was in 1945 after the World War II that the Japanese society h ad come under desperation and chaos. It was then when the artists tried to bring a revolutionary movement which would promote different art works and activities to make a new world. Yoshihara declared that the liberal position of the people was the most important thing which was conveyed through the medium of art. The liberal position of the people who were currently living in the desperation and chaotic time was focused because they believed that the freedom is the main source for human development. The art movement described the position of the people as free. Thus, the main idea behind this movement was to bring out the reality of the society and overcome the situation (Tiampo 84). Tanaka was an artist involved in the Gutai movement and she produced the ‘Electric Dress’ which was stage clothes. The concept was that she changed her clothes frequently during the performance and the colours of the dress were bright and blinking from the electric light bulbs. This showed the attractive beauty from the light bulbs which the human hand could not create. This was the time after which the stage performances became more attractive and pleasing to the audience’s view. Tanaka worked with bringing the newest technology to application by experimenting and using the electric media to promote her artistic work. Her work and skill leaves a huge impression on the Western arts and to the modern arts. However, despite such efforts, Tanaka did not receive appreciation by the Japanese art scene because of her highly skilful work for the newly started art movement. I believe that Tanaka’s efforts left a mark on the art world and even though it was later recognized and encouraged, initially it was seen as a threat to the traditional modernization. The Gutai movement had new and different ideas because all the members of the movement were young artists, who were raised under traditional values of religion and spiritual importance. These artists knew the artistic traditions of Japan but through this movement they decided to completely overrule the past attempts and approaches. Their vision towards this movement was rather different. They aimed to create a relationship between art, body, space and time. The Gutai movement was a revolutionary movement and it started in Japan almost ten years after the World War II had ended. The roots of the Gutai movement

Priciples of Software Engineering Essay Example for Free

Priciples of Software Engineering Essay Describe each law in your own words. Illustrate with a practical example ? Glass’ law â€Å"Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures Coming to my explanation Glass law states that if the basic requirements of the projects is not constructed properly that may leads failure of the project. To achieve goals in the project it plays an vital role and any drawbacks may leads project unsuccessful. Around 20% of all IT project failures were caused by incomplete or badly managed requirements. Example: Technological University-Online Practical Tests In the case of technological university the requirements specifications for the online practical exams had been implemented without consulting students and university staff. This system was designed in such a way that students affliated to that university are write the test test online at the same day and same time. Considering the requirements of the colleges were different an the project objectives were different. This leads to failure of the that project. Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. Coming to my explanation Boehm’s law states that the basic designing of the projects mat leads to errors and miscalculations. The sooner you find a problem, the cheaper it is to fix , otherwise to detect the errors in the project is very expensive or complicated . This law is applicable from midrange systems. Example: City Council – Pay Roll System A city council developed a replacement payroll system believed that users had comprehensive knowledge of all the business requirements. But the current staff or IT team had participated in building the old system they had no knowledge of how it was built. That leads to many errors and it cause project failure. Boehm’s second law â€Å"Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. Coming to my explanation Boehm’s second law states that by prototype modelling the disigning of the project and errors can be reduced. To design the system the staff will be educated . So that that will increase the usability of the system among users. Example: In a postgraduation course prototype modelling experiments were conducted . Some of them were used requirement driven approach and others are prototyping approach. This will leads to satisfaction for the client compare to all other methods. Davis’ law â€Å"The value of a model depends on the view taken, but none is best for all purposes†. Coming to my explanation Davi’s law states that to describe systems requirements, it is very useful. This model is useful to solve the complicated tasks that other models find that difficult to solve. Example:In a system to solve the problems different methods were implemented. Each task follows their methodolgies to solve the problems. At the end all the methods got different results but there methodologies is useful to solve the problem. Your first task is to describe each software development methodology clearly and completely in your own words. You may use diagrams, examples or UML to help you do this. Waterfall Model : The waterfall model is a sequential software development process, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through the phases of conception, design, analysis, initiation ,testing and maintenance. This model is used in manufacturing industries and construction industries . It is ; highly structured physical environments in which after-the-fact changes are prohibitively costly, if not impossible. Since no formal software development methodologies existed at the time, this hardware-oriented model was simply adapted for software development. For example, one first completes requirements specification, which after sign-off are considered set in stone. When the requirements are fully completed, one proceeds to design. Spiral Model: The spiral model is a software development process combining elements of both design and prototyping-in-stages, in an effort to combine advantages of top-down and bottom-up concepts. Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress . Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project. The spiral model might mean that you have a rough-cut of user elements as an operable application, add features in phases, and, at some point, add the final graphics. The Spiral model is used most often in large projects and needs constant review to stay on target. It can get their hands in and start working on a project earlier. Q3) Using the first four laws of the text, show where these are either implemented or missing in each software development methodology (Total Two). If a law is missing, explain the consequences and suggest how the process might be improved. Water Fall Model Glass’ law Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures. The end users gathered by requirements in waterfall model. It states that the basic requirements of the projects is not constructed properly that may leads failure of the project. The failures were caused by incomplete or badly managed requirements. Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. It basic designing of the projects mat leads to errors and miscalculations. In waterfall model this law cannot be able to correct the errors. This law is not reliable for waterfall model. Boehm’s second law Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. This law cannot be able to correct the errors in waterfall model. The design phase would be reduced by prototype modelling. Davis’ law â€Å"The value of a model depends on the view taken, but none is best for all purposes†. The purpose of this model is not suitable for this law. Spiral Model Glass’ law â€Å"Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures In waterfall model risk analysis is conducted on the prototype. By this if they need any requirement it will included in next stage. Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. In spiral model each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress . The risks were eliminated after number of stages. Boehm’s second law â€Å"Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. In spiral model it will design the prototype. and construct and design the prototype. The analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project.

Essay --

What is a fable? A fable is a short story in which characters within the book are played by animals. All fables carry a moral of some kind. Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell, is a fable in the sense that it incorporates characteristics of a fable, such as giving animals, human qualities and the inclusion of several morals is accounted for as well. Although Animal Farm’s morals are not merely stated, it bears a significant deal regarding the concept of the story. The main morals are all tied together by some form of power. Power is the driving force behind the animal society, once abused, an indication of collapse will be evident. Through the pigs’ abuse of language to strengthen their dominance on the farm, Orwell conveys the power of manipulation in language. For example, Squealer takes the sheep away to teach them a new chant, â€Å"Four legs good two legs better†. The continuous incantation planted in the animal’s mind signified the start of a change. In many ways, they are governed by the pigs more than before, their ideas suggested and their minds are molded. The distortion of the meaning of language ultimately brainwashed them into forming ideas that compliment what the pigs want them to think. Another incident of the pig’s manipulation occurs after the rumor about the pigs taking the apples and milk for themselves. Squealer claimed that the pigs were doing so for the sake of the animals, he also stated that â€Å"milk and apples†¦ contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig† and â€Å"Jones would come back!† if they â€Å"failed in [their] duty† (42). This form of propaganda/ threat works in the favor of the pigs because the majority would rather comply and accept the current conditions than have Jones back. The pig... ...al gains. They were never honest with their words or actions until they settle into the temptation of power completely. And once they do, corruption will be seen a lot more often. Power is the force that upholds the structure of Animal Farm and when leaders indulge themselves in excessive power, the structure will be ruined, allowing these leaders with absolute force. Animal Farm is an allegory of the Russian Revolution and a cautionary tale warning readers of the pitfalls of revolution. Although, it doesn’t only concern the Russians, it applies to any form of totalitarian government because of the universal structure of power. It all works the same way, power is obtained, greed for power encourages manipulation and intimidation and a totalitarian is formed. In that sense, any hopes of creating a utopian society based on the equality of all animals is eradicated.

The Difference between Person Centred and Psychodynamic therapy

‘Person-centred and psychodynamic counsellors have a lot to offer each others†¦.. however when the differences between the approaches are examined there are significant areas of contradiction and incompatibility' Wheeler and McLeod (1995) briefly compare the key principles of Person Centred and Psychodynamic approach and critically evaluate where the approaches part company with one another Person centred and psychodynamic counsellors, both have one main aim -to help people develop in a positive way and to move forwards , however the methods they use to reach this goal varies . I will give a brief description of both of the key concepts and compare them ,then evaluate how these differences make the two approaches separate . The Psychodynamic Approach focuses on our mind soul and spirit and how our past can influence these aspects especially our childhood experiences and unresolved childhood conflicts can lead to anxiety and problems when older. Psychodynamic is very much about looking into our unconscious it also delves into how people deceive themselves as to our intentions desires and beliefs and how these deceptions can cause conflict between our expressed goals and our actions. Important aspects of Freudian theory has been the idea that these traumatic experiences are actively repressed and therefore clients are likely to repeat patterns of behaviours . he key concepts address psychosexual stages that occur in the childhood stages of development , the id, ego, super ego and ego defences mechanisms, Freud believed all of these unconscious thought processes lead to a persons present behaviour. Psychodynamic counsellors goal is to make the client aware of there unconscious and dive into there early childhood conflicts . Interpreting transference is often used to link these past conflicts to the present problems, dream analysis may be used to achieve this, free association and possibly transference is used to unlock past co nflicts The Person Centred Approach is more directed as looking at a person as a whole and looks at people with a positive approach and believes with the right given conditions everyone should be able to grow and reach there full potential and even though the past is taken into consideration it is not the main theme like psychodynamic , the main matter now is the present and the relationship between the client and the counsellor and counselling skills are vital in order to make the client feel like they can express themselves Dave Mearns acknowledged the important skills as being congruence ,empathy and unconditional positive regard. The key concepts involves looking a persons present and helping them move onwards to do this counsellors must look at aspects such as the actualising tendency(growth and development) and the six therapeutic conditions (the conditions needed to embrace change). The aims of a person centred counsellor is to provide the right environment for a client and offer a place where the client can feel free to explore themselves and the aspects of change that need to occur a counsellor must have certain qualities to encourage these changes, they must be genuine and have UPR and often try to achieve change by probing and formal analysis this involved a lot of questions and can be time consuming, especially if a client does not want to open up. We can see where these approaches part with each other, the two approaches both have different models of looking at personality and have different therapeutic aims and different techniques to reach these aims. Whereas the person centred approach focus's on experiencing and expressing feelings the psychodynamic approach aims to look at the underlying anxiety behind these feelings and the unconscious thought behind them. n a person centred approach this may result in congruence (directly addressing a situation ) which entails genuineness and personal disclosure in order for the client to feel self aware and would help with self acceptance and possible help the client with some aspects of there questions . owever counter-transference would be used in psychodynamic counselling ( expressing ones own unconscious feelings onto the therapist) and use this as psychodynamic counsellors believe a client may be using defence mechanisms, therefore must look into their unconscious and may not alwa ys answer questions . this may lead to different reactions in the client a client may feel that the psychodynamic approach of counter transference my be distant as psychodynamic counsellors try to be more professional however in person centred the client may feel more invited to open up . Another clear difference in the two is the way that gender is addressed , psychodynamic counsellors see men and women as psychologically different due the theory of the Oedipus complex yet person centred does not emphasised gender ,therefore psychodynamic approach has been criticised for being phallo-centric . The same applies when cultural differences is looked at however this time it is the psychodynamic approach that does not address culture but the person centred approach that adapts its skills to suite peoples backgrounds . When I look at these two approaches its clear that they separate because overall psychodynamic counselling is about detailed elaboration and looks towards the past and what did exist and what conflicts have not been resolved and believes that people are very self destructive ,all in all psychodynamic approach is a very un positive look on people as a whole and it is often criticized for putting to much emphasis on the past and the stages of development Freud often gets criticized for being old fashioned in comparison to the person centred approach however psychodynamic counselling did offer a lot of new ideas into counselling and still remains very influential. In conclusion I think that there are benefits to both of the counselling approaches and combined persons centred and psychodynamic approaches and together would be a good way to approach counselling however this is debated over widely and not always considered plausible but I think it depends on the therapists individual skills and the model of therapy they use with a client . overall I think that both approaches aim to help the client excel but have very different ways of approaching this and in terms of focusing on a individuals recovery and their overall well being I believe the person centred approach succeeds.

Marks Spencers Marketing Strategy - 1365 Words

Background: Marks Spencer was originally founded as Penny Bazaar in 1884; the company successfully developed itself into a retail chain store in the 1990s. It specializes on food, fashion and home furniture. Marks Spencer has become an international, multi-channel retailer with high profitability, all originating from a single market stall in the UK. (Marks Spencer, 2014) Over the decades, Mark Spencer has expanded rapidly and grew rapidly throughout the world. There are more than 85,800 employees working for MS in around 800 stores in the UK; in addition, MS has also 455 stores in 54 nations worldwide. (Marks Spencer, 2014) All the goods sold by MS are either designed by MS headquarter or co-designed with manufactures to ensure product quality and reliability. Cost-effective prices, good quality products are both characteristics that encompass the MS brand. Meanwhile, MS has also showed to have a very strong sense of social responsibility; in recent years MS has been concerned with the glo bal ecological environment and the implementation of eco-friendly operations. (Sustainable Review, 2013) It is not only establishing a good image for itself, but MS is also gaining the trust of customers. Moreover, Marks Spencer has crafted cross-store market strategies effectively, which make the firm footing and seeking development in the fierce market competition. (Marks Spencer, 2014) Although Marks Spencer has achieved great success, one of the main driversShow MoreRelatedBtec Business P4- Strategic Planning1220 Words   |  5 Pageswith an organisations corporate values and aims. The intelligent organisation today takes these issues seriously and seeks to design careful, flexible, comprehensive strategies to guide their decisions. Organisations such as The Coca-Cola Company therefore have established strategies for corporate citizenship. 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